Main Reasons why Humans Remain Earthbound Essay

Main Reasons why Humans Remain Earthbound - Essay Example As such, as science has grown and developed throughout the years, one of the primal questions that have been born from this original question of the solitary nature of life within the universe is a better understanding and more complete explanation of the universe in which we dwell. For this reason as well as for many others, scientists have long sought to find ways in which to explore the bounds of the neighborhood in which the Earth and the Milky Way galaxy ultimately reside. The extant problem that is illustrated though is the fact that there are a number of constraints that provide an ultimate barrier to humans traveling to other solar systems throughout our galaxy. As such, this brief analysis will consider the key issues that constrain mankind to inter solar system travel (and a limited amount of that). Furthermore, by analyzing each of several different viewpoints for how exploration within and without of our own galaxy might seek to take place, as well as analyzing the key we aknesses inherent in each, it is the hope of this author that the reader might be able to come to a better understanding of just what is preventing us from further exploring and/or colonizing other regions of the universe. The first of these is the fact that the distances that must be traveled are so vast as to be nearly incomprehensible. As a function of this understanding, the reader should come to an appreciation of the fact that distance within the universe is calculated not in miles or kilometers but rather in light years; i.e. the distance covered by a beam of light during the period of a year’s time. To understand just how vast such a distance is, one must understand that the actual speed of light is something approaching 300,000,000 meters per second. As such, the reader can begin to comprehend the actual distance that a single light year actually represents. Furthermore, due to the fact that the nearest star to our own Sun is that of Alpha Centuri, one might assume t hat it would be most reasonable to visit this one as a means of further exploring our universe and understanding the many nuances that exist within it. However, the fact of the matter is that although Alpha Centuri is the closest star, besides our own Sun, it is nonetheless 4.2 light years away (Corley, 2012). This distance provides a seemingly insurmountable obstacle to the current technology that exists. For instance, scientists and researchers in the Russian Federation have been performing extensive rounds of testing on how a manned mission to Mars would affect the health of the crew members. This has been done by isolating a crew of several individuals and putting them in a replicative environment that would simulate the same stresses, both physical and psychological, that such a mission would necessarily engender. Although the trip to and from Mars would take a little under a year’s time, the strain and pressures of sustaining life aboard an unnatural environment for suc h an extended period of time present a whole array of challenges which are but a brief understanding of the means that such pressures would be realized should a longer voyage be undertaken (Landau & Strange, 2011). Although an understanding of the means by which our universe has come into existence, continues to expand, and will ultimately experience a heat death, the science and technology governing astrophysics and space exploration has advanced greatly since the first manned trip into space. However, surprisingly, one aspect of technology that has not developed at all is with

Organizational structures and cultures

Organizational structures and cultures Organizations are social arrangements for the controlled performance of collective goals. (Buchanan and Huczynski, 1991) The writer Chester Barnard (1938) used the example of a man trying to lift a stone which is too heavy for him. By getting together with another person, and combining their efforts, the man is able to move the stone. Organizational Structure:- Every organization to be effective must have an organizational structure. Organizational structure is the form of structure that determines the hierarchy and the reporting structure in the organization. Organizational structure shows information, flows from level to level within the company. It is also called organizational chart. Designing of Organizational Structure:- Work Specialization:- Work specialization is the key element of organizational structure and it refers to the degree to which tasks in the organization are subdivided in to separate jobs. In the work specialization the entire job is subdivided into different steps and each step have to complete separately by individual. For example: making of an automobile. Advantages of work specialization are that, employees skills can increases by doing one job again and again. It saves time and there is accuracy in production. It allows managers to supervise more employees. While the disadvantages are that, employees might get bored by doing same job again and again. Sometime if the person is on leave then no one can do his job, due to which absenteeism rises. Quality of work may suffer. Departmentalization:- Through departmentalization common tasks can be coordinated. In Departmentalization, work or individuals are grouped into manageable units. The primary forms of departmentalization are:- Functional Departmentalization Customer Departmentalization Geographical Departmentalization Product Departmentalization Process Departmentalization Chain of Command:- Chain of command is the formal line of authority, communication, and responsibility within an organization. According to classical organization theory the organizational chart allows one to visualize the lines of authority and communication within an organizational structure and ensures clear assignment of duties and responsibilities. In many organizations, the chain of command principle is still very much alive. Military is an example of straight chain of command which starts from a top to low level ranks. Span of Control:- In a business of more than one person, unless the business has equal partners, then there are managers and subordinates. Subordinates are workers controlled by the manager. Span of control can be:- Tall and Narrow:- The manager controls six or few employees. There is close supervision of the employees, tight control and fast communication. However, the supervision can be too close; the narrow span means that there are many levels of management, resulting in a possibly excessive distance between the top and the bottom of an organization. Flat and Wide:- A wide span of control forces managers to develop clear objectives and policies, select and train employees carefully. Since employees get less supervision, they are more responsible and have higher morale with a wide span of control. Flat and wide span of control is successful if employees have the awareness about their responsibilities and job tasks because managers are not able to have a look on each employee every day. Centralization and Decentralization:- Centralization and decentralization refer to the extent to which decision making power is devolved in an organization, or the degree of delegation of duties, power and authority to lower levels of an organization. Organizations which have a high degree of delegation of power are thought to be decentralized. Organizations which have a lower degree of delegation of power tend to be centralized. A decentralized structure often means power over both operational issues and strategic direction is devolved to lower levels in the hierarchy. Matrix Structure:- An organization which has a Matrix structure contains teams of people created from various sections of the business. These teams will be created for the purposes of a specific project and will be led by a project manager. Often the team will only exist for the duration of the project and matrix structures are usually deployed to develop new products and services. The advantages of a matrix include that, individuals can be chosen according to the needs of the project. Project team which is dynamic and specialist are brought together in a new environment to view problems in different ways. Project managers are directly responsible for completing their project in a specific time and budget. Whilst the disadvantages include: A conflict of loyalty between line managers and project managers over the allocation of resources If teams have a lot of independence can be difficult to monitor. Costs can be increased if more managers (i.e. project managers) are created through the use of project teams. Organizational Culture:- Culture basically refers to the norms, values and behavior adopted by the organizational members during the working. When the members of an organization join the organization they adopt particular culture of an organization. Every organization has different culture depending upon their situation of working and the nature of their business. From the culture of organization one can assume the operating environment and working behavior of employees. Types of Culture:- Power Culture Within a power culture, control is the key element. Power cultures are usually found within a small or medium size organization. Centralized Decisions making are found in the power culture organization. That person likes control and the power behind it. As group work is not evident in a power culture, the organization can react quickly to dangers around it as no consultation is involved. However this culture has its problems, lack of consultation can lead to staff feeling undervalued and de-motivated, which can also lead to high staff turnover. Role Culture Common in most organizations today is a role culture. In a role culture, organizations are split into various functions and each individual within the function is assigned a particular role. The role culture has the benefit of specialization. Employees focus on their particular role as assigned to them by their job description and this should increase productivity for the company. This culture is quite logical to organize in a large organization. Task Culture A task culture refers to a team based approach to complete a particular task. They are popular in todays modern business society where the organization will establish particular project teams to complete a task to date. A task culture clearly offers some benefits. Staff feels motivated because they are empowered to make decisions within their team, they will also feel valued because they may have been selected within that team and given the responsibility to bring the task. Person culture Person cultures are commonly found in charities or nonprofit organizations. The focus of the organization is the individual or a particular aim P2:- Analyze the relationship between an organizations structure and culture and the effects on business performance. Task for P2:- Here you will discuss how organization culture and structure affect the organizational performance positively or negatively. This should be attempted as a continuation of P1. Organizational Culture and Structure creates a number of various concepts, strategies, and situations which affect every level of planning when it comes to any type of hierarchical institution. The implications of organizational structure and culture apply to companies, corporations, charitable organizations, governments and even sports/organizations. Organization Culture and structure affects the organizational performance both in positive and as well as negative direction. In positive sense the organization culture and structure creates the distinctions between one organization from the other and also it defines the boundary role to the same organization. It provides a sense of identity for the organizational members on the basis of which the employees work betterly for the achievement of organization goals. This organization culture and structure can generate commitment of employees towards the organization. As the culture represents the norms and values of the society so it can enhances the stability of the social system inside organization. The organization which has a strong culture will have good working environment in which the employees shared different norms and values. The culture and structure also provides appropriate standards of working environment. The organization culture and structure shapes the attitude and beha vior of employees and it also serves a sense of making and control mechanism. Every organization has policies according to which the employees work by following certain rules and regulations. These rules and regulations of the organization can be bitterly formed by accessing to organization structure and culture. This organization structure also shows the responsibility for each employee which reflects that who will be reported to whom. Through strong organizational structure, the organization will have to make right decisions at the right time. The organization structure and culture has also negative impact on business performance. The same culture becomes liability when the employees do not agree to share their values with others which raise conflicts. When the organization environment is dynamic then this can affect the business effectiveness. If the organizational structure is complex one then the decision making process in that organization will be very slow and also there will be centralized decision making in which the lower level employees will not be entertained. P3:- Analyze the factors which influence individual behavior at work. Task for P3:- In this area discuss the factors that influence behavior at work, your answer should focus on personality, traits and types, its relevance in understanding self and others There are many factors that influence behavior at work for instance difference in opinions of individuals but the most important are personality and perceptions. Personality is defined as the characteristics and distinctive traits of an individual and the relation between them and the individual response to the situation and adjusts to other people. This include big five factors of personality dimensions known as OCEAN that influences behavior at work which is given in the table below. Personality dimensions and the poles of traits they form. Based on Costa McCrae (1992: 14-16, 49). Personality dimension High level Low level Neuroticism sensitive, nervous secure, confident Extraversion outgoing, energetic shy, withdrawn Openness to experience inventive, curious cautious, conservative Agreeableness friendly, compassionate competitive, outspoken Conscientiousness efficient, organized easy-going, careless Neuroticism is a measure of affect and emotional control. In the given table high level neuroticism shows sensitivity and nervousness those experinces negative emotions. They more frequently become unstable, worried, temperamental and sad. Resistant persons on the other hand need strong stimuli to be provoked where as low level shows confidence, emotional stability and active at their workplace. Extraversion dimension presence in high level in an individual shows outgoing and energetic. They are physically verbally active. The opposite of extraversion known as introverts or low level presence tend to be more independent, reserved, steady and like being alone. Extraverts are adventurous, assertive, frank, sociable and talkative. Introverts may be described as quiet, reserved, shy and unsociable. Openness to experience is a measure of depth, breadth and variability in a persons imagination and urge for experiences. Individuals with a high openness to experience have broad interests, are liberal and like novelty. The preservers with low openness to experience are conventional, conservative and prefer familiarity. Agreeableness individual can be described as altruistic, gentle, kind, sympathetic and warm. Person with high level are friendly, compassionate and able to work in team. Whereas low level are more competent and outspoken. Conscientiousness is scale of goal oriented and control over impulses. Individual with high level are more organized and efficient. They focus on limited goal and strive to achieve these goals. The focused person concentrates on a limited number of goals but strives hard to reach them, while the flexible person is more impulsive and easier to persuade from one task to another. The more conscientious a person is, the more competent, dutiful, orderly, responsible and thorough. Personality can be regard as the most complex aspects of human being that influences behavior in big way. Personality traits offer an opportunity to the organization to understand the individuals behaviors and directing their effort and motivating them for the accomplishment of the organizational goal P4:- Analyze how organizational theory underpins principles and practices of organizing and of management. Task for P4:- Discuss the major organizational theories and discuss their salient features (focus on functions of management, managerial roles, and managerial authority) Please see the course contents for detail. Management The attainment of an organizational goal in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading and controlling organizational resources. Planning It is the on going process of developing the business mission and objectives and determining how they will be accomplished. Planning includes both the broadest view of the organization, e.g. its mission, and the narrowest, a tactic for accomplishing a specific goal. Organizing Establishing the internal organizational structure of the organization. The focus is on division, coordination, and control of tasks and the flow of information within the organization. It is in this function that managers distribute authority to job holders. Commanding Fayols called this maintain activity among the personnel, it involves instructing and motivating subordinates to carry out tasks. Coordinating This is the task of monitoring the activities of individuals and groups within the organization, reconciling differences in approach, timing and resource requirement in the interest of overall organizational objectives. Controlling It is a four step process of establishing performance standards based on the firms objective, measuring and reporting actual performance, comparing the two and taking corrective or preventive action is necessary. Managerial Roles A role as defined as an organized set of behaviors belonging to an identifiable office or position. Thus actors, managers and others play roles that are predetermined, although individuals may interpret them in different ways. Interpersonal Roles Figurehead The manager is a symbol, obliged to perform a number of duties. He represents the organization in various ceremonies etc. Leader Managers select and trained the team members. He/she used to motivate the team to achieve pre defined goal. Liaison Manager duty is to communicate with people outside the work unit trying to coordinates two project groups. Informational Roles Monitor The monitor involves seeking current information from many sources. The manager acquires information from others and shares it with concerns people to stay well informed. Disseminator The managers send external information into his organization and internal information from one subordinate to another. Spokesman The managers transmit information out to his organizations environment to speak on behalf of the organization. Decisional Roles Entrepreneur The manager acts as initiator and designer of much of the controlled change of the organization. By using the monitoring role, he seeks opportunities, sees problems, and initiates actions to improve situations. Disturbance Handler The manger role involves resolving conflicts among subordinates or between the managers departments and other departments. Resource Allocator This role of manager involves deciding about how to allocate people, time, equipment, budget and other resources to attain desired outcomes. Negotiator Managers participate in negotiation activities. Managers represent department during negotiation of union contracts, sales, purchases, budgets, represent departmental interest. Managerial Authority The formal and legitimate right of a manager to make decisions, issues, orders and allocate resources to achieve organizational goals and objectives. Managerial authority is the position that empowers a manger to exercise command and control over those placed under him for realization of the assigned role in an organization. Originally, the overall authority is centrally vested in person of the manager. However, it is not possible for a single man to effectively execute and monitor each and every task. Therefore various functions with a suitable quantum of authority are devolved downwards to concerned subordinates for better and convenient output. The practice also provides a rationale for organizational Tree specifying various powers and responsibilities in both vertical and lateral hierarchy. P5:- Compare the different approaches to management and theories of organization used by two organizations. Task for P5:- This will be the comparative analysis of the two organization, you will do the comparison with another organization (assigned to another group). This will be covered through the presentation. You must give soft and hard copy of your presentation to the teacher. Functional Theory Followed by SNGPL:- Organizations must make choices to organizational approach how to perform their work. There are five common methods used by management to perform work i.e functional, divisional, matrix, team, and networking. Each organization have follows different ways according to their needs and requirements. For instance Sui Northern Gas Pipe Line uses functional approach which is the simplest form of organizational structure. Below is an example of management of sui northern In functional structure approach the features are well defined the channels of communication and responsibility. By following such structure by SNGPL it improves productivity, minimizes duplication of employees and also simplifies training of employees. There are some drawbacks of functional structure approach as it is narrowed perspectives which causes reduce cooperation. Decisions are slow to take place because of many hierarchy layers in which authority is more centralized. This kind of structure only gives employees experience in only single field they dont have the opportunity to oversee all the firms operations. Divisional Theory Followed by Disney:- On the other hand management of Disney follows divisional structure compare to sui northern to keep track of their operation. Below in an example of Disney management structure. In large firms like Disney its difficult to keep track of all the activities for that purpose specialized departments are developed which is divided according to the organizational output this grouping of organizational structure are called divisional structure. It makes performance easier to monitor which allows managers to better focus on recourses and results. This kind of structure may cause duplication and create competition among the division due to limited resources. M1:- Discuss the organizational structure and the prevailing culture in the Organization under study. Also discuss how the structure and culture affect the performance of the business. Task for M1:- This task should be taken as continuation of your answers to P1 and P2; Here you will discuss what is the prevailing structure and culture in the organization. This will be seen with the view that you can see the application of the concepts in real life. Organization Structure and Culture in HBL and UBL Culture and Structure of HBL:- Organizations have their own structure and culture. If there is any informality in the organization culture and employees believe that they are a part of organization then behavior effect positively. Culture and structure is very important for an organization in a culture there are many people belong to different groups and the structure of organization is made from the people if there is unity of command, Span of control and intrinsic motivation so it effect the motivation level of the employees. In organization if they have a good culture and they have the good social norms, values and ethical behavior so culture automatically control behavior .Culture is develop by good social norms, good contents, good peer group and culture cannot be reinforced, it is link with the inner behavior and change is also continuous process. In organization good and positive behavior controls the culture aspects. Culture also pushes the member to behave in a way that is counter to the formal mission an d goals of organization but it can be changed through inter personal skills and good behavior. In organization good, positive and progressive culture and structure is shared among the people. Organizational structure is the way in which the interrelated groups within and organizations are set up to allow them function smoothly from a large stand point. The two main purpose of successful organizational structure is to ensure effective communication between various parts of the company, as well as to increase coordination between different departments. Culture Structure of UBL Culture and structure is important in organization but each organization has their own structure and culture. According to this organization, there is not a specific culture in organization but through employees and their related environment culture is develop. They develop their own culture according to their own requirement. Culture controls the behavior of employees according to their nature which accepts the efforts to that culture. They develop that culture which they need. Culture depends upon the nature of employees it develop the behavior of employees according to that culture. Culture does not remain the same but the unwanted culture will changed according to mew environment. In organization culture is made when employees share their own culture. In this organization the bureaucratic structure is used .Employees r not involved during taking of the decision they are totally depended upon the orders of their boss. Through structure it is easy for the organization for placement of employees, staffing and they also know how many employees are required for the jobs in organization. In the absence of structure some difficulties occurs for the organization that how many employees they need for the job and how they control the organization. Factors Influencing in Both Organization Culture and structure is important in each organization because through good culture there is friendly environment between the manager and employees. And through good structure the organization runs fast towards its objectives and can achieve the goals easily. In both organization culture developed by sharing their own culture which is very effective for both organization because by communication with each other and sharing their views least conflict occurs between the employees and manager. Through this friendly environment occurs which helps organization to run as high as they want. In organization the bureaucratic structure should be avoided and during decision making employees should involved because under this structure employees cannot work by their heart. They take their work as a burden. Under this structure organization cannot run towards there goals as fast as they need for their success because employees are not motivated by this structure they do not share their views, th eir ideas among them selves. This structure has negative effect on organization. It can be good thing in small doses especially in tackling issues that will become recurring themes in large businesses. Through good culture and structure employees are motivated and they share their new idea. They help each other and also solve the problems of organization. A fully healthy organizational culture and structure is exactly what should be expected when all is functioning normally M2:- Discuss what approach of management adopted by the organization, with Focus on management functions, roles and authority. Task for M2:- Here you will apply the concept of organizations theory and what is being discussed in P5 and apply your knowledge to the organization under study. Management Functions:- Planning:- Objectives of HBL Following are some main objective of HBL To earn profit for the Bank itself and maximize its shareholders value. To provide solutions for multiple requirements of clients of diverse financial nature To manage with the changing trends of the modern day financial market To be a diversified bank by offering all basic consumer services and specialized services Honest and ethical conduct, including ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationship. To provide employment opportunities to people To help in development and industrialization of the country Mission Statement:- To make our customers prosper, our staff excel and to create value for shareholders. Leading functions in HBL:- Motivation:- Managers of HBL motivate the employees by providing free medical treatment, free education and incentives to them. Resolving Conflicts:- Managers of HBL always try to resolve conflicts among employees. Giving importance to their opinions. Giving new ideas for solving problems. Sometimes giving group tasks to employees. Managerial Authority In HBL CEO Give orders and issues polices to the managers. Then further the managers forward these instructions and policies to their subordinates and so on. All of them accept and obeyed those instructions/polices/orders. Managerial Role:- Spokesman: Spokesman of HBL attending the seminars outside the bank and negotiating with the people in banking issues. D1:- Discuss what problems the organization can face in the performance areas and what is your suggestion/solution to the problem. Task for D1:- You must identify some problems observed regarding organizational structure and culture (there is no organization which is flawlessly perfect). You will give your recommendations and justify your recommendations in light of the management knowledge you have gained in the class. Problems:- The basic objective of organizational structure is to establish a network of relationship among the different level of employees. When the structure becomes so tall and complex one then the problem arises that how those employees will keep a permanent network of relationship. This problem will also have certain impacts upon the decision making process of an organization. The organization structure also keeps coordination between different departments/units. Sometimes the responsibility of one unit mixes with another unit which affects the units in achieving their goals as in case of selling and marketing department. Through organizational Culture the employees shares the values, belief, norms and symbols during working. The problem arises when there is diversity of work force. Problem arises when culture is dynamic. Rituals, stories, symbols, ceremonies and also the rules of organization form the culture of organization. These all are subjective in nature and having different perceptions during different timing so sometimes the problem arises that it misguides an individuals. Recommendations:- The organization should focus on participative and pre active work of management through which the organization can easily analyze the problems. The participative approach will also be effective in keeping relationship among the employees and as well among the different unit of organization. When there will strong relationship then the decision making process will also be quick. The organization should focus on training and development in order to guide the employees regarding the culture of organization. Through training and development the employees will come to know about the norms, values, beliefs and symbols which should be adopted during the working. In order to minimize the problem related to workforce diversity the organization should guide their employees by having a dynamic culture. D2:- Discuss your recommendations which should use the synthesis of different approaches, this should also include the convergent and lateral thinking. Task for D2:- In this task you will come up with recommendations for the organization theory for the organization. We will encourage amalgamation of two or more approaches considering the environment in which the organization exists. In addition we will also appreciate your approach towards the solution you are recommending as it should a) solve the organizational problem, b) should also consider the internal and external environment requirement. Approaches followed by the Managers:- There are different approaches which are followed by the managers in order to solve the problem arises inside an organization. There are many factors which will determine the structure and culture of an organization. If the organization size is so large then it will be difficult for the organization to keep the structure tall. The management encourages the flat structure and decentralized decision making for those large organizations for the smooth operation of an organization. On the other side if the size is small then it will be better to use the tall structure and centralized decision making. Assessment Brief Unit and Assessment Details Course Title: HND Business Unit Name: Organization and Behavior Assessor: Ms. Neelam Marwat Internal Verifier: Mr. Sajid Fahim Assessment Titl

My Favorite Web Site and Why Essay -- Analysis Web Design Essays

My Favorite Web Site and Why Some Works Cited Missing In contrast to most of the other people in this class, I had never done any net surfing. So to prepare for this paper I explored the WWW for approximately seven hours. This helped to create an impression on me of what constitutes a good Web site. Finally, I decided on a favorite SF/CP Web site and I asked myself what made this site better than others. The Web site is dedicated to William Gibson (Foley) site which scrolls a picture of the writer on the site projecting an air of authority. The problem with the William Gibson site is that the background does little to complement the site. The background for the BR site however, not only complements the title but helps project the mood of the site. Blade is backed by the complimentary color of a cool blue. This blue emits a soothing tone and desolate atmosphere because of its relation to the black. This atmosphere is common in the film. The figure of the BR is backed by the fade from blue to black similar to in the movie where the Decker d is found under soothing colors and mysterious shadows. Runner is backed by an abysmal black; an image found articulated in the movie in flying scenes over the futuristic LA and under the feet of Deckerd when dangling from Roy's grasp. Fans of the film can relate to the effective use of graphics in portraying the mood of the film. Critics to the use of graphics may argue that the home page is do directed to fans as to lose credibility in fulfilling the criteria to non-fans. As mentioned earlier, the author of the site had provided clues that the site is intended for fans; however, this site fulfills the site so well that non-fans are actually satisfied with this sites fulfillment of this criter... ...topic of the site, William Gibson. When clicking the info link, one would expect to see information concerning William Gibson, but instead this link is concerned with the producer of the site. "Info" doesn't even hint that this kind of information is going to be linked. This site fulfilled the criteria extremely well as a site directed at Bladerunner fans. But, as I already adressed arguments against this site becuase of its seemingly narrow focus to fans, I believe I proved the site to be exceptional even under the eye of a non-fan. Chapman's intelligent formatting of the sight and thoughtfulness for non-fans helped him far exceed my criteria of impressive graphics pertaining to the subject, simplicity in stlye and organization, and relevant links. Works Cited Chapman, Murray. The Requiem-William Gibson. 1995. Foley, J. Off-World (Bladerunner Page).

‘I Spy’ by Graham Greene

What Is The Significance Of The Title?The title (‘I Spy'), is significant because it shows the similarities between Charlie Stowe and his father. Also because without it we would never come to assume that Charlie Stowe's father is in fact a spy, who is being arrested for spying for the Germans or the ‘Huns' as his wife calls them. This creates the effect of dramatic irony as Charlie, who has observed exactly what we see, does not relise why his father has been taken away by two strangers in ‘belted mackintoshes'.How Does Greene Establish The Similarity between Charlie Stowe And His Father?Greene establishes a similarity between Charlie and his father by making them say nearly the same kind of things. For example, Charlie thinks that he â€Å"†¦ might as well have his smoke.† then later on, his father says â€Å"†¦ may as well have my smokes†. These are quite the same, thus establishing a similarity between the two characters. Also, they both use proverbs a lot of the time. For Example Charlie says â€Å"May as well be hung for a sheep†, which is, of course, a well known proverb. His father, later on, says â€Å"Never do today what you can do tomorrow†, again, this is another proverb. A further example to establish a similarity is that they both do the same action when they are nervous. For instance, they both grip their collar when they are worried. We know this because Charlie â€Å"clenched his fingers on the collar of his night shirt† and then his father â€Å"stood, one hand held high stiff collar. Greene further establishes the similarity between father and son by making them â€Å"both do things in the dark that frighten them†.Also Greene specifically outlines the point that the pair are similar when he writes â€Å"†¦his father was very much like himself†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Also both of them are terrified of being caught/are being caught. To further their similarity, they both don't wish to wake their mother/wife, as Greene writes â€Å"†¦he moved with caution and tiptoed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ,(about Charlie), and then â€Å"I don't want  to wake the family† ,(about Charlie's father). They are similar, not just by the reasons above, by that they are both spying and doing something illegal. Charlie is spying on his father and stealing some cigarettes, while his father is being arrested for spying on the Germans, which is, of course, illegal. Greene establishes the similarity in many ways, including the ones outlined above, in order to provoke emotion and regret.The Story Is Almost Entirely From Charlie's Point Of View. How Does Greene Achieve This?Greene achieves this in a multitude of ways that are outlined below:-He writes about Charlie's feelings. â€Å"Charlie Stowe was frightened† is just one example of this. He also writes as if we are seeing every thing from his point of view. (literally and psychologically). Greene pens Charlie's experienc e. For example, we do not know from the start of the story that his father was spying on the Germans, it is only near the end we start to relise that his father was doing such devious acts of criminality. The story begins with Charlie alone getting out of bed and then ends when Charlie falls asleep. It is like we are looking over his shoulder all the time. Also, we don't know anything about Charlie, so a lot of the description is left to our imagination, so it is as if we have been plunged into the tale with know prior knowledge of Charlie and his capers.All of this gives off a sense of dramatic irony because, although we still see what Charlie sees, we can deduce things that Charlie cannot because of his limited mental ability as a twelve year old.What Atmosphere Is Created In The Story And How?There are many atmospheres created by Greene. So many in fact that I will only list some of them. These are :-An air of mystery. This is created through description, or rather lack of it! Th is is because we know next to nothing about Charlie Stowe, and even less  about his father! Also there is a rather menacing feel about the story. This is because of the use of â€Å"lurking† as in ‘†¦the ‘Huns' who, the monsters lurking in the Zeppelins in the clouds† There is also an atmosphere regarding indifference, when it comes to stealing the cigarettes. This is because Charlie doesn't even bat an eyelid when he takes some of his father's merchandise. Finally, there is a general sense of regret at the end of the story as Charlie realises that â€Å"It would have please him to go down to his father and tell him that he loved him†, but it was all too late for him as â€Å"he could hear through the window, the quick steps going away†.

Interdependence: Cellular Respiration and Pic

INTERDEPENDENCE IN NATURE Many of the relationships between organisms in nature are those of dependence. Whether it be a deer breathing oxygen produced by a nearby tree or a tick sucking the blood of its unsuspecting host, every organism depends on another organism in some way. [pic] Molecules and Cells †¢ Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration [pic]Photosynthesis is the process by which autotrophs convert solar energy into the chemical bond energy of glucose (C6H12O6). CO2 + 12H2O + solar energy ——-> C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2 [pic]Cellular respiration is the process by which autotrophs and heterotrophs convert the chemical bond energy of glucose into the usable bond energy of ATP. Aerobic Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 ——-> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP Anaerobic Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 ——-> 2 EtOH + 2CO2 + 2 ATP (Alcoholic Fermentation) C6H12O6 ——-> 2 Lactic Acid + 2 ATP (Lactic Acid Fermentation) The oxygen by-product of pho tosynthesis is used in aerobic cellular respiration by all aerobic organisms. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released following aerobic cellular respiration and alcoholic fermentation (one form of anaerobic cellular respiration) and is then used by autotrophs during photosynthesis. Thus, these are reciprocal processes. Glucose is produced by autotrophs during photosynthesis. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs break down the glucose to form ATP during cellular respiration. Energy, therefore, is transferred between the autotrophic and heterotrophic levels. Autotrophs are dependent upon heterotrophs only for CO2. All heterotrophs are dependent, either directly or indirectly, on autotrophs for energy, but only aerobic heterotrophs are dependent on autotrophs for oxygen (O2. ) [pic] †¢ Enzymes and Substrates [pic]The rate at which a reaction occurs is dependent upon the concentration and/or volume of enzymes and the concentration and/or volume of substrates. †¢ Water [pic]Every organism in nature is dependent on water for survival because all chemical reactions take place in water. [pic] Heredity and Evolution †¢ Sporophyte and Gametophyte Generations pic]In mosses, the sporophyte grows directly out of and becomes nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte. †¢ Flowers and Their Pollinators [pic]Flowers depend upon pollinators for the success of their reproductive cycles and insects depend upon flowers for nectar. †¢ Phenotypes [pic]The characteristics of an organism are determined both by the combination of its genes as well as the organism's environment. (multifactoria l inheritance) [pic] Organisms and Populations †¢ Symbiotic Relationships [pic]Symbiosis is any relationship between individuals of two different species. There are several types of symbiotic relationships: ? Cooperation – both individuals benefit, but are independent of each other ex: oxtail birds and gnus The gnu is covered with tiny parasites that provide the bird with food and in return, the oxtail bird keeps the gnu free of parasites. ? Mutualism – both individuals benefit and are dependent upon one another ex: lichen = alga and fungus The alga performs photosynthesis and the fungus absorbs water and minerals as well as provides anchorage. Commensalism – one indvidual benefits and the other is unaffected ex: barnacles attach themselves to marine mammals such as manatees and whales [pic][pic] The marine mammals provide a moving substrate on which the barnacles may attach while the mammals remain unaffected. ? Amensalism – one individual is harmed and the other is unaffected ex: Spanish moss Spanish moss grows on trees and chokes out virtually all light going to the tree. While the Spanish moss remains unaffected, the tree does not receive enough light to perform an adequate amount of photosynthesis to survive. ? Competition – both individuals are harmed ex: rabbit and a mouse [pic][pic] The rabbit and the mouse compete for the same herbaceous plants. ? Predation – one individual benefits and the other is harmed ex: coyotes preying on rabbits ? Parasitism – one individual benefits and the other is harmed ex: a leech sucking the blood of its human host †¢ Pollution pic]With the increasing industrialization of the world, comes much pollution. Fossil fuel burning has released tremendous amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere. This excess of CO2 in the atmosphere traps solar energy in the form of heat. This effect is called the Greenhouse Effect. In addition, deforestation of the tropical rainforests has decreased the sink for CO2, thus augmenting the situation. The subsequent increase in atmospheric temperature is known as global wa rming. [pic]Sulfur and nitrogen oxides are produced almost exclusively by human activities. The combination of these compounds with water vapor in the air, creates acid. Acid rain has far-reaching effects on all aspects of life. Not only does acid rain severely damage the leaves of plants, but it also changes the pH of bodies of water. Such drastic changes gravely affect life. [pic] [pic] [pic][pic] [pic][pic][pic] [pic][pic][pic][pic] [pic][pic][pic][pic] [pic][pic] About This Site ; Library ; FAQ ; 7,000+ sites by kids for kids [pic] Privacy Policy Terms of Use [pic][pic]

Unit 028 Develop Positive Relationships with Children, Young People and Other Involved in their care Outcome 1 Be able to develop positive relationships with children and young people Essays

Unit 028 Develop Positive Relationships with Children, Young People and Other Involved in their care Outcome 1 Be able to develop positive relationships with children and young people Essays Unit 028 Develop Positive Relationships with Children, Young People and Other Involved in their care Outcome 1 Be able to develop positive relationships with children and young people Essay Unit 028 Develop Positive Relationships with Children, Young People and Other Involved in their care Outcome 1 Be able to develop positive relationships with children and young people Essay Unit 028 Develop Positive Relationships with Children, Young People and Other Involved in their care Outcome 1 Be able to develop positive relationships with children and young people By loup Positive relationships are important with children and young people because I need to establish trust with them so that we can work together day. If I dont have that positive relationship with the children then they wont trust me enough to talk to me or listen to me. It takes time for relationships to be built, they dont Just develop. In order to uild these relationships I would get down to the same level as the children and talk to them and play with them and slowly encourage them to Join in with me in the various activities we are doing, should it be drawing a picture or building blocks etc. I would give the children lots of approval, reassurance and encouragement while working with them in order to give them more confidence in letting me Join in with their play and to aid them opening up to me more. I would also show the children I work with respect and courtesy so that they in turn can show the same to me. I would ensure I communicate clearly with the children so that they understand what I expect of them and in turn I would ensure that I listen to them to what they have to say as I feel that trust and positive relationships cannot be built of I am unable to listen to their needs and wants. To carry this out effectively I need to get down to the childs level and let them talk to me without rushing them or trying to guess what they are going to say and I would also try and keep a childs confidence if it is appropriate to do so.

Kilauea Essays - Geology, Volcanology, Volcanism, Free Essays

Kilauea Essays - Geology, Volcanology, Volcanism, Free Essays Kilauea Kristin Laske Science-2 2/14/00 Kilauea Hawaii consists of a string of islands, or an archapelago. Kilauea is located on one of these islands, the central Hawaii island. Kilauea is one of the worlds most active volcanic craters. Craters are formed either by the massive collapse of material during volcanic activity, by unusually violent explosions, or later by erosion during dormancy (Comptons). It is situated on the southeastern slope of the great volcanic mountain Mauna Loa. Its elevation is 1111 m (3646 ft.) above sea level. The crater has an area of about 10 sq. km., which forms a great cavity in the side of the mountain. Volcanic activity recently has been restricted to an inner crater called Halemaumau. Halemaumau measures more than 900 m (about 3000 ft.) across and has a depth of about 400 m (about 1300 ft.). Kilauea has erupted at least once a year since 1952. The volcano spews an average of 525,000 cubic yards of lava a day and by 1995 had added about 500 acres of new land to the island (Encarta 98). By June 1989, it had destroyed the visitors center at the national park, a stretch of Kalapana Highway, and more than 65 houses by 1990. Kilauea is located on a hot spot under the island, and the magma is thought to come from a depth of at least 50 km. below the surface. A hot spot is an area of volcanic activity near the center of two lithospeheric plates. Normally, lava streams constantly into the floor of the crater from subterranean sources which either cools and hardens, or accumulates until it drains off into other subterranean passages. When greater volcanic activity occurs, the lava is subjected to sudden changes of level, where it may escape from vents on the lower slope toward the sea. Kilauea is classified as a shield volcano. Shield volcanoes have a low, broad profile created by highly fluid basalt flows that spread over wide areas. The fluid basalt usually only builds a cone around seven degrees steep. Over thousands of years though, these cones can reach massive size, which is shown in the Hawaiian Island volcanoes. The Hawaiian Islands are composed of shield volcanoes, that have been built up from the sea floor. If measured from sea floor level, some of the Hawaiian volcanoes are the worlds largest mountains in terms of both height and volume (Comptons). In the 20th century, major flows occurred in 1920 and 1921, 1950, 1955, 1959, 1965, and 1969. The current eruption cycle, the longest-running in modern Hawaiian history, began on January 3, 1983 (Encarta).

Free Homeschool Programs for Texas Students

Free Homeschool Programs for Texas Students The state of Texas offers resident students the opportunity to take online public school courses for free.  Virtual schools that offer no-cost instruction include online charter schools, statewide public programs, and private programs that receive public funding. Online Texas Charter Schools and Public Schools Texas has multiple options for students wishing to take free virtual courses. Some are provided through state-funded school districts, and others are provided through private academies: Texas Connections Academy: A fully accredited online school, Texas Connections Academy offers courses for students in grades three through 12, including Honors and Advancement Placement courses that can be applied for college credit. The school uses LiveLesson technology to provide live teaching over the web. In addition to standard curriculum, Texas Connections Academy also offers college preparation and counseling, including SAT prep classes and assistance with the college application process.Texas Online Preparatory School: Texas Online Preparatory School (TOPS) is a state-funded program run by Huntsville Independent School District. It provides personalized, tuition-free education for students in grades 3 through 12. Flexible pacing allows students with other commitments to meet their educational needs on their own schedule. Although most of the instruction is done remotely, the school organizes field trips, picnics, and other outings throughout the year to give students to chanc e to meet and socialize. Texas Virtual Academy: Like TOPS, Texas Virtual Academy is a state-funded program. It is run by Hallsville Independent School District in northeast Texas. The school offers a traditional curriculum as well as courses in Career and Technical Education (CTE) such as computer science, web design, audio engineering, sports medicine, and accounting. Students can also take special courses through the University of Texas of the Permian Basin for both high school and college credit.iUniversity Prep: Designed for students in grades five through 12, iUniversity Prep is a virtual school run by Grapevine-Colleyville Independent School District. It is focused on college preparedness. Students work together with teachers and learning coaches to develop and reevaluate customized learning plans. The school encourages and helps plan extracurricular activities so that students who cannot participate in traditional education have an opportunity to meet their peers. More information on virtual learning opportunities for Texas students is available through the Texas Virtual School Network. About Online Schools Most virtual schools are charter schools  that receive government funding and are run by  private organizations. Online charter schools are subject to fewer restrictions than traditional schools. However, they are reviewed regularly and must continue to meet state standards. Some states also offer their own  online public schools. These virtual programs generally operate from a state office or a school district. Statewide public school programs vary. Some online public schools offer a limited number of remedial or advanced courses not available in brick-and-mortar public school campuses. Others offer full online diploma programs, like those available through Texas Virtual Academy and Texas Online Preparatory School. Choosing a School When choosing an online public school, look for an established program that is regionally accredited and has a track record of success. Be wary of new schools that are disorganized, are unaccredited, or have been the subject of public scrutiny.

Brand Development Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Brand Development Plan - Essay Example Table of Contents Introduction 5 Assumptions 5 Position Strategy 6 Target Market 7 Competitor Analysis 8 Point of Difference 10 Point of Parity 10 Building Brand Equity 11 Brand Awareness 11 Selection and Justification of Brand Elements 12 Brand Image 12 Communication Strategy 13 Measuring Brand Equity 13 Recommendation 14 Conclusion 14 References 15 Introduction Last Chance is a diversified corporation based in Australia that produces and sells products of different kinds. The company now does not have any product in the beverage industry. It has, therefore, decided to make an entry into the Australian market for soft drinks. The company intends to develop a new product for the beverage market. In order to launch the brand successfully in the market, the company has to conduct a research on the existing brands in the market and their performance. ...A proposal has been presented in this article on how the brand can effectively manage its functionalities so as to yield positive and e ncouraging outcomes. The paper provides insights into strategic positioning of the brand, the target customers, potential and incumbent firms, strategies of developing brand equity and building the brand’s communication strategy on the basis of evaluation of the various factors that have been identified to make probable effects on the brand’s image. Assumptions Last Chance is planning to penetrate into a new market. It is important to note that this market has a number of established players. Hence in order to develop its brand image and retain it in the minds of the customers for a long period of time, Dew Fresh has to make certain reasonable assumptions about the characteristics of the market in which it is venturing. The most important assumptions are mentioned below: 1. The prime customer group for Dew fresh is the young population belonging to the age group of 12 to 30 years. The people of this generation are young, active and enthusiastic. 2. Trends in the soft d rink industry show that the majority of customers belong to the above mentioned age group. They are open to new ideas and are willing to experiment with the products that they use in their daily lives. 3. There are various kinds of beverages in the Australian market. However, any kind of herbal energy drink has not been yet developed. Hence this new kind of soft drink is expected to gain a comfortably big customer base.

EU law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

EU law - Essay Example Although the employer has allowed rest period 10 minutes as permitted in Estate Facilitators Act 1965 as against 15 minutes allowed by the EU Directive 2005/666, the employer has failed to give the facilitator the training on the equipment required both by the Act as well as the Directive. Thus, regardless of the non-transposition of the directive, the employer is bound to give training to the facilitator on equipment as per the Act if not the enhanced rest period under the Directive. Besides the rights available for the estate facilitator under the Health and Safety Regulations and the Employment Rights Act regardless of the EU directive as far as the failure to give training by the private employer, the employee (the facilitator) has the right to make complaints in his individual capacity to the European Commission for failure by the Member State to transpose the directive into the domestic law. European Commission will investigate the complaint and call for explanation from the Member State. If the explanation is not satisfactory, the Commission can order the Member State to comply with the Directive within one month failing which the matter can be referred to the European Court of Justice (ECJ) by the Commission. In the case adverse finding against the State, the ECJ can order the Member State to give compensation to the individual. ECJ’s decision is final and there will be no further appeal.2 Under the EU law, a â€Å"direct effect† action is available for union citizen. Direct effect is a principle under EU law by which Union Citizens can bring action within their own Member State instead of as above whether or not the Member State has transposed the directive into its national law. It can also apply to regulations, treaty provisions and decisions. The ECJ introduced the principle in NV Algemene Transporten Expeditie Onderneming van Gend en Loos v. Nederlan dse Administratie der Belastingen,3 The conditions laid down by the ECJ for warranting a Direct Effect of the â€Å"Primary EU Law† are that the provisions of the directive must be clear and precise, they must be a standalone conditions without being dependant on any other legal provision, and must bestow a specific right based on which the citizen can make a claim. If these are satisfied, it will have the same legal effect as Regulations under the Article of 288 of TFEU. Thus, as established in Flamino Costav ENEL4, EU Law on labour, enjoys supremacy over domestic law rules and claims can be made before national courts overriding the domestic law as also held in Defrenne v Sabena. 5 But this related to an Article 141 of EC now 157 of TFEU and not a directive which may or may not be applicable throughout the European Union. However, in the case of the directive in question, it is not discriminatory and hence applicable to all member states and hence the Estate Facilitator who is a European Citizen can move his national court for the infringement of his rights over the rest period for every three hours of work and training of the lifting equipment once in every six months as provided. This Direct effect can be applied as Horizontal Direct Effect and Vertical Direct Effect depending on whom the right is enforced against. If the entity is the State or its emanation, vertical direct effect will apply. In a vertical direct effect, there is an alignment between the EU law, National Law and the State’s obligation to ensure that its national legislation is in consonance with EU law. This was

Why the Elmhurst Cafeteria Should Extend Their Hours of Operation Essay

Why the Elmhurst Cafeteria Should Extend Their Hours of Operation - Essay Example For many reasons related to this inefficient combination of order and disorder, it would be of tremendous benefit to the health of students if Elmhurst cafeteria were required to extend their hours of operation. College, of course, is the final destination on the journey meant to take humans from childhood to adulthood and it is certainly not coincidental that with each progression upward through the educational system the students are rewarded with more leniency in terms of structure. As students progress from elementary school to high school and then into college, they are granted more freedom in terms of which subjects they can study and when they are allowed to take those classes. But one thing that seems to change very little if at all is the opportunity to eat. While the lunch time may be far more structured during the lower levels of the education system, there is still a reliance upon that structure even into college. Students are still expected to congregate at the institutionalized times for breakfast, lunch and dinner; post-dinner food choicers are virtually ignored. Unfortunately, college study habits don't conform to that old-fashioned structure.

Case analysis( Global business) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Case analysis( Global business) - Essay Example As a result, the price of ENTel was one of the less price paid for any telecommunication firm across all the developing countries. Furthermore, the privatization of ENTel resulted in legal duopoly as this would allow two companies to manage the entire telecommunication services. Later on, certain more subsequent events have changed the Argentina telecommunication industry. Sprint offers a wide range of wireless as well as wireline communication services to its customers including business and government users. The ‘Sprint’ tradition started off with the establishment of Brown Telephone Co. by Cleson Brown in the year 1899. With the introduction of long distance service, Sprint was able to seize the opportunity with offering its customers the long distance services; that was way back in 1986. In the year 1990, the company went global with its global subsidiary forms to market the international public data network services. In the year 2004, the company merged with another leading telecommunication firm Nextel leading to Sprint Nextel which aims to be no one in customer experience. As of now, Sprint is going to market its EVO 4G in Argentina. This analysis is done to evaluate its probability of success in Argentina. This would be done evaluating the company’s success in US, product attributes and the prospective barriers which can on the way to success. A conclusion would be fetched from the entire analysis. As in US, at the end of the year 2010 the organization has catered over 48.9 million customers. The organization is known for its impressive success in developing, engineering as well as introducing innovative technologies. The company is the first national carrier in US to come up with wireless 4G service, providing mobile data services, prominent brands including Virgin Mobile USA, Assurance Wireless Boost Mobile. Furthermore, the company has also offered instant national as well as

Globalization and Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Globalization and Education - Essay Example The modernization theory finds main effect of globalization on societies which converge as a result of spread of markets and technology. However, complete loss of identity of various societies the world over is highly unlikely. Sociologist Giddens further adds a noteworthy point to the definition of globalization. He states that it fragments a society by giving benefits unevenly; advantages to some strata of society while others remain deprived, thus the effect of globalization can not be seen as generalized change occurring uniformly, a statement that applies well to the current state of Asian nations. The thought of convergence of societies seems somewhat superficial as the main impact of globalization. Guellin (2001) takes Giddens' definition further stating that there is more inequality between countries than it was ten or even hundred years ago while the wage inequality has taken the form of a problem in the highly developed nations also. Levitt (as cited in Guellin, 2001, p252) probably based his studies on consumption of goods across world when he stated that the consumer of the world has become cosmopolitan. But the sociologist Sklair, though accepts some homogenization of culture across nations bu t terms it only a temporary effect on account of similar lifestyles, tastes and desires (as cited in Guellin, 2001, p252). Nevertheless, it is clear from every point of view that Globalization has affected lifestyles and brought people together though the extent and future impact of it may be topics of discussion. The impact of globalization is considerable on education but are we heading for virtual class rooms The article pays attention to four dimensions of globalization and then particularly elaborates the influence of globalization on education around the world. 2.0 Four dimensions of globalization: 2.1 Political dimension: Globalization is often referred in terms of market and a general view perceived is that market has become global while governments remained national. It is not only a contradiction; it also neglects a very important impact of globalization. The governments seek international cooperation since they have problems that can not be solved alone. Generally the global governance is perceived as dominance of multinationals in world market and USA in world politics. Jones (144) refers Hirst & Thompson (1996) who saw in globalization the attainment of century-old ideals of the free-trade liberals and who looked to "a demilitarized world in which business activity is primary and political power has no other tasks than the protection of the world free trading system". Held (397) though feels that autonomy and sovereignty of national governments are changing but these in no way have collapsed in the era of globalization. The changes, however, are manifolds such as: The center of effective power is no longer the national government. It is shared by various forces at national regional and international levels. Secondly, the much political self-determination have crossed the boundaries of nation and states for e. g. environmental issues or human rights

Raising reading scores of lower achieving minority students at a Essay

Raising reading scores of lower achieving minority students at a Florida Middle School - Essay Example When you look at the test scores it is alarming to see that minorities, mainly Blacks and Hispanics, are scoring much lower than their white peers. This stigma is catastrophic for our Black and Hispanic children. As these students move on to middle school the test scores are even lower and these students continue to fall further behind. This situation does not have to be permanent it can be solved. It is not an overnight fix but it can be reformed. The achievement gap can be closed if an intense effort is made. This research will look at ways to close the achievement gap and raise the scores of the lower level readers in a Florida Middle School. This study will contribute to the field by imploring a mixed method design which will derive empirical data of a qualitative and quantitative nature on the effectiveness of a tutoring program to help close the achievement gap between minority students. ... .10 Definition of terms†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...11 Chapter 2: Literature Review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....13 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 Evaluation Framework†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 Approach to Literacy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦..15 Middle School Reading Problem †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.15 Achievement Gap†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...22 Achievement Gap Versus Adequate Yearly Gap†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.27 What Educators Can do to Help Close the Gap†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...27 Proven Reading Strategies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦30 Corrective Reading Program†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...36 Effectiveness of Middle School Reading Tutorial Program s†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...40 Chapter 3: Methodology †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.........43 Methodologies Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..43 Participants†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦43 Instruments†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...44 Research Questions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.44 Anticipated Outcomes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..44 Research

Globalization and Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Globalization and Education - Essay Example The modernization theory finds main effect of globalization on societies which converge as a result of spread of markets and technology. However, complete loss of identity of various societies the world over is highly unlikely. Sociologist Giddens further adds a noteworthy point to the definition of globalization. He states that it fragments a society by giving benefits unevenly; advantages to some strata of society while others remain deprived, thus the effect of globalization can not be seen as generalized change occurring uniformly, a statement that applies well to the current state of Asian nations. The thought of convergence of societies seems somewhat superficial as the main impact of globalization. Guellin (2001) takes Giddens' definition further stating that there is more inequality between countries than it was ten or even hundred years ago while the wage inequality has taken the form of a problem in the highly developed nations also. Levitt (as cited in Guellin, 2001, p252) probably based his studies on consumption of goods across world when he stated that the consumer of the world has become cosmopolitan. But the sociologist Sklair, though accepts some homogenization of culture across nations bu t terms it only a temporary effect on account of similar lifestyles, tastes and desires (as cited in Guellin, 2001, p252). Nevertheless, it is clear from every point of view that Globalization has affected lifestyles and brought people together though the extent and future impact of it may be topics of discussion. The impact of globalization is considerable on education but are we heading for virtual class rooms The article pays attention to four dimensions of globalization and then particularly elaborates the influence of globalization on education around the world. 2.0 Four dimensions of globalization: 2.1 Political dimension: Globalization is often referred in terms of market and a general view perceived is that market has become global while governments remained national. It is not only a contradiction; it also neglects a very important impact of globalization. The governments seek international cooperation since they have problems that can not be solved alone. Generally the global governance is perceived as dominance of multinationals in world market and USA in world politics. Jones (144) refers Hirst & Thompson (1996) who saw in globalization the attainment of century-old ideals of the free-trade liberals and who looked to "a demilitarized world in which business activity is primary and political power has no other tasks than the protection of the world free trading system". Held (397) though feels that autonomy and sovereignty of national governments are changing but these in no way have collapsed in the era of globalization. The changes, however, are manifolds such as: The center of effective power is no longer the national government. It is shared by various forces at national regional and international levels. Secondly, the much political self-determination have crossed the boundaries of nation and states for e. g. environmental issues or human rights

Analyze the Art Exhibit by Ken Ellis, Gathering Essay

Analyze the Art Exhibit by Ken Ellis, Gathering - Essay Example This goes a long way to help them define themselves. Arts also add depth to people’s cultural backgrounds. This essay seeks to analyze Ken Ellis â€Å"Gathering† and some of his other art works as portrayed in the Chicago cultural center exhibition. The event is to take place at Chicago and this suggests that it would be a successful one. Chicago is the third largest city in the United States, with a population of nearly three million people. It is a cultural city as most cultural events take place and this is proven by the number of facilities that promote the cultural scheme. The facilities range from dozens of cultural institutions, historical sites, and museums, more than 200 theaters, and nearly 200 art galleries. There are also some few factors which suggest and prove as to the fact where nearly 40 million people visit Chicago annually. Some of these factors are Chicago being the first and largest municipalities to require public art in various strategies and this led to passage of the Percentage-for-Arts Ordinance in 1978, and the Art Institute of Chicago which has one of the largest and most extensive collections of impressionist and post-impressionist paintings in the world. The building and street where the exhibition is to be held is accessible and convenient. The Chicago cultural center, 78 E. Washington St. ... According to Galvin, the programme can be experimental, intellectual, or innovative. An analysis of the event’s programme reveals that it is intellectual in nature. The event is meant to be a talk about Ken Ellis exhibition of â€Å"Gathering.† Ideas are exchanged between different people as they try to justify their opinions on their understanding of the painting. This allows for most of the people to think extensively and base their perspectives about the painting on a broader point of view. The content of the exhibition is shallow as it is based on the single painting of Ken Ellis and this narrows down the whole event content-wise. Therefore, most of the people at the exhibit are narrowed to a particular content of the exhibition and this discourages them to think from a wider perspective about the whole exhibition (Surin, 2009). Also the exhibition is held in the Chicago cultural center and thus the programme relates to the definition of the center as the Ken Ellis â€Å"Gathering â€Å" points out on a cultural perspective as lots of people are seen to have gathered either for a function that involves the whole society. This also proves that the exhibition is based on a simple platform as the title is quite simple, understandable and relevant to the artistic painting. This eliminates the seriousness except for the fact that most people might come up with many questions regarding the painting as one has the freedom to think on a broader perspective about the painting. The exhibition also gives room for an international platform as the painting may be associated with most cultures all around the world since gatherings are the only ways to reach masses on any matters concerning the society

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using Linux Computer Science Essay

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using Linux Computer Science Essay Easy to use,Virus free,With boot camp you can run XP or Vista on your machine, and with Parallels you can run windows programs in OS XP. Performance: While there is some debate about which operating system performs better, in our experience both perform comparably in low-stress conditions however UNIX servers under high load (which is what is important) are superior to Windows. Price: Servers hosting your web site require operating systems and licenses just like everyone else. Windows 2003 and other related applications like SQL Server each cost a significant amount of money; on the other hand, Linux is a free operating system to download, install and operate. Windows hosting results in being a more expensive platform. Less viruses: Windows currently has over a hundred thousand known viruses, while Linux has less than a hundred. Linux also uses smart authorisation management , so it requires you to authorise any action that may potentially harm your computer by entering your password. That means you are less likely to be tricked into installing malware and running virus programs, simply because it wont let you. No crashes: Windows users will be familiar with the infamous blue screen of death that greets them whenever the system crashes. In contrast, Linux users have reported uptimes exceeding over a year, which means that their computers have been continuously running over a year without a single crash or reboot. Free software: Linux users can download free software from huge repositories containing thousands of free programs and applications, from games to music players to office productivity tools. Most of them serve as free alternatives to commercial software, the most popular ones being OpenOffice and Mozilla Firefox, which replace Microsoft Office and Internet Explorer respectively. Disadvantage: Easily gets virus and or spyware.Does not come with many useful software alrdy installed.Easlity disrupted by other programs. Interface: The traditional interface for the Unix operating system is command line based, and this command line shell interface may be hostile to the casual user. Unix was developed for use by programmers and serious computer users rather than casual users. A graphical user interface (GUI) is also available, but the traditional Unix interface is command line only. Special Commands: Commands required by the command line interface often make use of cryptic naming schemes, and do not give much information to notify a user of what they are doing. Many commands in the Unix interface require the use of special characters. Small, normally insignificant typos can have much greater effects and unexpected results on Unix machines. *The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Microsoft Windows 2003 Advantage: Abundance of Features: Windows Server 2003 added an abundance of features over the previous Windows 2000 version, including a Volume Shadow copy service. If an administrator activates this feature on a drive, the system will periodically take snapshots of all the files on that drive. This enables deleted files to be recovered easier and can enable the option of recovering an older version of a file if some data got lost. In Setup mode, it also offers a Quick Format option where you can format a specific partition of a drive instead of having to do the entire drive at once, which saves a significant amount of time. Versions Designed to Fit Needs Windows Server 2003 added an abundance of features over the previous Windows 2000 version, including a Volume Shadow copy service. If an administrator activates this feature on a drive, the system will periodically take snapshots of all the files on that drive. This enables deleted files to be recovered easier and can enable the option of recovering an older version of a file if some data got lost. In Setup mode, it also offers a Quick Format option where you can format a specific partition of a drive instead of having to do the entire drive at once, which saves a significant amount of time. Disadvantage: Cost: Windows Server 2003 added an abundance of features over the previous Windows 2000 version, including a Volume Shadow copy service. If an administrator activates this feature on a drive, the system will periodically take snapshots of all the files on that drive. This enables deleted files to be recovered easier and can enable the option of recovering an older version of a file if some data got lost. In Setup mode, it also offers a Quick Format option where you can format a specific partition of a drive instead of having to do the entire drive at once, which saves a significant amount of time. Outdated: Another disadvantage to Windows Server 2003 is that is was already made obsolete by Windows Server 2008 and then Windows Server 2008 R2. Any upgrades to the Server systems will be made off of those versions and not the 2003 option. The 2008 version features enhanced security features that make it more attractive for many businesses in the wake of ever-evolving threats such as viruses and malware infestation. There are also a number of new features and programs included. *The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Mac OS Advantages: Security: Mac OS is a two-layered system: the attractive GUI sits atop a Unix core, and Unix is best-known for its security features. Its simply impossible to install a destructive trojan or virus unless the user explicity allows it root access via typing in the admin password. Mac OSs built-in firewall is set up to work unobtrusively out of the box as well as being highly configurable. Mac OS users should be vigilant about strange files and never allow an application they arent certain of admin access, but they dont need special anti-virus software. Reliability: Because OS X was designed from scratch from the ground up, Mac OS is incredibly stable. Apple controls production from start to finish, so every part of a Mac is designed and tested to work together. Ease of Use: Apples known for hiring the best industrial and interface designers around, and it shows in the intuitive nature of the GUI. I dont mean to sound like Im verging into fangirl territory here; its just true. Like the OSs reliability, the OSs functionality is designed to just work. The attractiveness of the interface cant be discounted. Some scoff that looks arent everything, but when youre spending 8 or more hours a day staring at a screen, its a relief to spend that time staring at a well-designed screen. Advanced users have easy command-line access with the Terminal app.. Mac OS Can Run Windows at the Same Time: Mac OS runs on Intel chips, which means you can run XP or Vista concurrently with Mac OS, with Boot Camp or Parallels software. Disadvantages: 1.os x only works on apple computers and not on other brands. 2.no games for os x as compared to windows. 3.all the best software and stuff comes for windows whereas with apple u have very little extra software and most programs will have to be from apple. 4.u cant customize os x exactly how u want it to be. 5.since u r os x on an apple computer then u r restricted to what they have to offer In my Opinion Microsoft windows is the best type which provides people with good features.

William Blake and The Garden of Love Essay -- Garden of Love Essays

William Blake and The Garden of Love    At first glance, the poetry of William Blake may appear simplistic; he writes most often in regular metrical rhythm, apparently sticking to the rules, blunt observations on such mundane subjects as tigers, lambs and roses.   But if one were to finish with Blake and move on, left with only these initial impressions, it would be a great pity; true enjoyment of this poet can only come about through some understanding of his life, background, and skill in the manipulation of the tool of simple lyrical poetry, to convey deeper meaning.    Amongst his admirers, Blake is considered something of a renaissance man, a frustrated and hugely gifted artist and writer, a social renegade, and something of a true western mystic.  Ã‚   For our purposes here, it is sufficient to know that throughout his adult years he struggled with ideas of correct government, church corruption, unfair taxation, and Christian thought, to the point of near-lunacy.   Blake was born in London in 1857, and while still in his early teens (under 14) began privately writing poetry that is considered of high caliber.    Blake ¹s family had the wherewithal to send him to a  ³drawing school ² when he was ten, and he there began formal training in art.   He was greatly influenced by the art of the Renaissance world, and later wrote about his early total comprehension and appreciation of it.  Ã‚   He continued his formal education in art, and was apprenticed and working successfully in that world by his twenties.    But at heart Blake was a lover of words, and inclined to express his impressions of life through the pen as easily and readi... ...who would be helpful figures normally - are blindly making their rounds dressed in black.   Black is the color of death, deception, the villainous, of loss of hope, of the opposite of innocence.    It would be a mistake to read the poem as a comment on an individuals experience with the vision of a dream.   Blake always has many layers in mind: one should remember that    Blake's own mind was enormous, and capable of juggling various meanings simultaneously.   Especially where Church, Innocence, Death, and such images as demonic priests are involved, one can count on the hint of commentary on society at large.    "The Garden of Love"   stands as an excellent example of Blake ¹s ability to use simple meter and language as a foundation, and then twist the foundation ever so subtly to induce a particular idea.

The Safety and Benefits of Creatine :: essays research papers fc

The Safety and Benefits of Creatine Topic:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Safety and Benefits of Creatine General Purpose:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To inform Specific Purpose:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To inform my audience of the safety of creatine use and also to inform them of the benefits creatine use can provide. Central Idea:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people are misinformed on the subject of creatine use and exactly what it is and what creatine can do. Organizational Pattern:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Topical Introduction I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How would you like to be able to increase your strength or even increase your bench press by 25 pounds in less then ten days? Or how about improving your endurance. What if I were to say this can be accomplished without taking any harmful or illegal substances. These types of results have been recorded with the use of the supplement creatine. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I first became interested in weight training when I was in high school. After poor gains from weight training alone I stumbled upon the keys to success, proper nutrition and supplementation. Creatine is a supplement I have used for awhile and strongly believe it has accelerated my strength and size gains. In three and a half years amount of time I have gained 62 pounds from 153 at the beginning of my senior year in high school to currently 215 pounds. III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today, I will explain how creatine use can be beneficial and also safe to use with no harmful side effects. Also, I hope to inform you of what and how natural the substance creatine really is. Body I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How many people here have heard creatine is bad for you, or heard stories of creatine hurting someone who has taken it? A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many studies have been performed on creatine to determine if there are any adverse side effects from creatine consumption when taken at an amount of 3-5 grams. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Creatine is a natural occurring substance. Ray Sahelian MD has done extensive research on creatine. A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sahelian states â€Å"Creatine is not an herb, mineral, vitamin, hormone, or steroid.† 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Creatine is a natural nutrient found in our bodies and the bodies of most animals. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Approximately 95% of the body’s creatine supply is found in the skeletal muscles. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Creatine is easily absorbed through the intestinal tract and into the bloodstream. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Creatine production occurs in the liver, pancreas and kidneys. C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From Sahelian study it is easy to see that creatine is a natural substance found in food. By taking creatine as a supplement all you are doing is increasing the amount of natural creatine the body has. III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Creatine is not only safe but has also been found to be beneficial for overall health.

Boy Overboard by Morris Gleitzman Essay

Characters and settings in the book Boy Overboard by Morris Gleitzman help the reader to understand the themes and issues in Afghanistan. The themes of war, freedom, oppression and hope are particularly show through the characters of Jamal and his mother and through the settings of Afghanistan and the boat. This book is written in first person point of view, which helps the reader to understand how war affects children and how women are treated in Afghanistan. Body Paragraph 1 The character Jamal shows the effect of war on children through his daily life in Afghanistan. This is show when Jamal says â€Å" There’s no smoke or nerve gas or sandstorms. I can’t even hear any explosions. Which is really good.† Pg1 This quote highlights the effect of war on the children through the language Jamal uses which shows that it is a regular occurance. The boo shows the reader how war has effected children in Afghanistan and helps the reader to understand it more as it is from a child’s point of view. The book has shown the reader how tough life is for children and the conditions that they live in, in Afghanistan. Body Paragraph 2 The character of Jamal’s mother shows the effect of freedom and oppression through her daily life as a woman in Afghanistan. This is shown through the quote â€Å"Girls playing soccer is a crime. I say. Almost as big as mum and dad running an illegal school.† This quote shows how Jamal’s mother is running an illegal school as the government does not allow women to become teachers. This is shown through the restrictions she faces which the government have made rules. The book has shown the reader what life is like for the women living in Afghanistan and how harsh the government are towards women. It has also shown the reader how very little rites women have and how many rites men have compared to women. Body Paragraph 3 The setting of the boat shows the theme hope through the challenges Jamal, Bibi and their friends face. This can be shown through the quote â€Å"Pay full price, or we turn back†¦. I haven’t got anything he croaks in a tiny voice nor have I.† This quote shows that Jamal and Bibi have a lot of hope and belief even though they have no ide where their parents are and if they are ever going to see them again. This book has shown you must have courage, hope and belief to get through tough times even though it may not be easy. Conclusion Morris Gleitzman shows the themes and issues through the characters and settings in the book Boy Overboard. The reader is shown how tough it is for children especially as on the it is always about the people smugglers but this book focus’s on how war and conflict effects children and I show shown through a young boy named Jamal.

Crusades and Pope Urban Essay

The Christian Crusades occurred around the 11th and the 12th century are very many and complex. The Christian Crusades has built a tense relationship between the Christians and Islamic. This essay will explain the causes and effects of the Medieval Crusades. The importance of the holy lands as stated in the Islamic bible, Koran, and the Christian bible is the most significant cause of the Christian Crusades. Religious rivalry between the 2 religions was caused by the fact that both of these religions believed in 2 different gods. The Islam’s thought that there god was the true god whilst the Christians believed that there god was the one and true god. The fact that the Islam’s believed there god was the one and true, brought anger to the Pilgrims who were on a quest to take back the Holy lands which were Bethlehem, Nazareth and Jerusalem, which were controlled currently by the Muslims since 638AD. But as more and more pilgrims came to visit the Holy lands, Seljuk Turks, Saracens, took over the lands and denied more Pilgrimages to the Holy Lands. This brought great anger to Pope Urban II. Pope Urban II was responsible for the very first Christian Crusade. He started this by giving an extremely influential speech to all Christians in Europe and Medieval time saying that the Saracens were turning Christian Churches into Mosques which were Muslim churches. Pope Urban II then told all Christian men and European Christian Princes to go on a crusade to take back the Holy lands. The Pope also stated to these Christian men that by fighting in this holy war they would reach heaven. So the Christian Crusaders set their target on regaining one of the Holy lands which was Jerusalem. The result of the first crusade was not too good for the Muslims as 70,000 Muslims had died trying to flee from the city or fight to protect their city. A reason that explains the cause of the Christian Crusades, are the Christian men, the Knight class and Princes. Prior explains how Pope Urban II speech influences the Christian men, Knight classes and Princes of Europe to go on a crusade against their rivalry religion and to gain back the Holy Lands. Pope Urban II says to all these men that go on to their crusade, that if they do not fight back against the Saracens, god will not clear there sin. This was another reason for the Christian Crusade. Pope Urban II â€Å"blackmailing† these men to go to the Holy lands was a reason for why the Christian Crusades began in the first place. The Knight class were all men that wanted to fight. Since the age of seven, pagers, who were the first stage into becoming a knight, were taught special skills to fight. Every Crusader that was going on to gain back the lands had a sign on their tunics when they went to fight. This sign resembled St Johns Cross. The medieval Crusades have brought a strong intensity in these to religions that are still quite tense nowadays. Pope Urban II speech had urged men to go on this holy crusade and both the Koran and bible having two of the same holy places caused tension between these two religions. This essay has given the causes and effects of the holy crusades.

Living at Home and Living Away from Home

Nowadays, most students study at a university after graduating from high school. Due to the distance between their hometowns and colleges, a few students live with their family while many others live far away from home, and the most of them think about living away from home as the best part in their lives because they will have more freedom and that can be really exciting for them. However, they do not realize that living at home has more benefits compared to living away from home. Firstly, I prefer living at home, because students who are living at home can enjoy better living conditions than ones living far from home. As home is the whole family’s place, it is normally large and well-equipped with many electric devices. Also, the work required to keep a home clean tends to go unnoticed when the mother does it. Clean floors, tidy rooms, and fresh laundry tend to be taken for granted. Even though the average teenager may help around the house one of the parents tends to do most of the housework. The floor is always clean, the rooms are always tidy, and laundry is never less than fresh and neatly folded. In addition, students are provided with fresh, nutritious food. On the contrary, dormitory or a rented house are usually small with poor facilities. For example, many students living in a cramped rented house have to use one small space for cooking, eating, learning and sleeping. Also the laundry will pile high and become a daunting task for them to achieve. The back door step will be dirty, and the rooms will become cluttered. Owing to busy learning, students may skip their meals or eat fast food, which badly influences their health. Secondly, living at home differs from living far away in that it helps students avoid financial problems. Living at home, students have the telephone bills, electricity bills and other daily expenses paid by their parents. Also living at home with parents makes bills appear as some fictional scary story. The most a students usually pays for is a car to drive, and a few other luxuries. The parents pay for the water left dripping, the gas burnt by the stove, and the power consumed by the light left on. Students living at home will never even notice any of these expenses. In contrast students living far from home have to pay all those things on their own with a monthly amount of money. Unlike students who receive parents’ instruction, students who do not live with their family often lack financial managing skills. As a result, they often spend money on unnecessary items and cope with running out of money. Another difference is the emotional aspect that you have to face. Living at home can result less frustrating than living alone because you can share the problems that you have with your parents, siblings or any member of your family in order to look for some solutions to difficult situations that you may face. In contrast, if you live away from home most of the time you are going to be alone, so finding someone who wants to listen your problems can be difficult to get. Your friends are going to be the only people that might help you to solve your problems. However, they are not your relatives and sometimes they are not going to be with you. The fourth difference between living at home and away from home is the environmental issue. Life at home is secure and well known. Furthermore, home is where one has lived their entire life and they are well adapted to the surroundings. On the other hand, the new home can be in a complete different neighborhood or city. Also, it’s not always similar to the home people are used to since the new house is usually smaller, less fancier, and it’s usually located in a less attractive neighborhood than the parents’ home. While the students who choose to leave home may think that it’s not a big deal to confront a decrease in their living status, those that choose to stay home might think that the difference in the environment is a major drawback. Finally, the other obvious difference is that living far from home provides students more independence than living at home. It goes without saying that parents want to take good care of children by setting a wide range of rules for them. Moreover, when you have an important meeting and it is impossible for you get home, you can stay at a friend’s house without problems. Consequently, students living with family have to ask for their parents’ permission if they want to go out or invite friends to their homes. Additionally, parents also control their time spent on using computer and TV. In contrast, students living without parents’ control have more privacy ecause they do not have to obey the strict rules. They can go out whenever they want and freely gather with their friends. Thanks to independent life, they can flexibly spend time on learning, surfing websites or playing games without any complaints. In general, though living at home and living far away from home have some considerable differences, each type has its own advantages and disadvantages to students, and at some moment in life you have to decide between staying at home with your parents as you have always done or starting a new life alone that means being independent. At the moment that you want to make a choice between these two styles of life. You should know that living at home and living away from home has some similarities and some differences that you have to consider before making a decision. Therefore, no matter what kinds of living students choose, they can still enjoy their wonderful life at college.